To preserve Ukraine’s dwindling foreign reserves, a National Bank of Ukraine requirement for exporters to sell half of their foreign currency-denominated revenue has been in effect since Nov. 19, 2012. The measure’s latest extension took place on May 20 and will stay in effect until Aug. 20.
However, the provision doesn’t apply to individuals who earn less than Hr 150,000 in foreign currency. The norm, instead, applies only to business entities – corporate or individual ones.
Individuals who receive payments that exceed the threshold do not have to personally sell the currency themselves. Banks that receive funds do this for them, explains Andriy Sydorenko, a lawyer for Ilyashev and Partners firm.
Ukraine’s exports reached $63.3 billion in 2013, thus half of this amount was mandatorily converted into hryvnias.
The measure initially took effect under the NBU governorship of Serhiy Arbuzov, who is currently wanted by authorities on suspicion of embezzling state assets. He and his successor at the central bank, Ihor Sorkin, were obsessed with keeping the hryvnia pegged closely at Hr 8 to the U.S. dollar, and in quelling the appetite for foreign currency. Meanwhile, ex-central bank governor Stepan Kubiv had let the hryvnia mostly float freely, a monetary policy inconsistent with making it compulsory to sell half of foreign currency earnings.
Since the beginning of the year, the hryvnia has lost as much as a third of its value, sinking to 13.3 to the dollar in the second half of April, before settling recently closer to 12.5/$1. Mandatory sales of foreign currency earnings didn’t help much to avoid devaluation. Public panic following the political crisis that saw the overthrow of former President Viktor Yanukovych’s regime is responsible for the sharpness of the decline. Russia’s annexation of Crimea and war against Ukraine in the eastern oblasts haven’t helped any.
Sydorenko of Ilyashev and Partners says that, theoretically, the NBU requirement is advantageous for importers as it pushes the hryvnia rate up, which leads to cheaper prices for foreign goods in hryvnia terms. However, this is not beneficial for exporters, who can’t hold on to hard currency in order to sell it when the hryvnia becomes cheaper, he adds.
The measure seems to be working, at least in terms of reducing the demand for hard currency on the interbank market, says Roman Stepanenko, head of the banking and finance department at Egorov Puginsky Afanasiev & Partners. There is now more foreign currency on the market and the NBU does not have to make monetary interventions.
The National Bank of Ukraine has struggled to find the true value of the hryvnia as the public appetite for foreign currencies remains strong because of the ongoing instability in the nation. (Kostyantyn Chernichkin)
However, the NBU did not have too many instruments at its disposal to keep the hryvnia from falling and it is still debatable whether the regulator should have kept the hryvnia from weakening, adds Stepanenko. Had the central bank not conducted such a stringent monetary policy since 2010, when Yanukovych came to power, the hryvnia’s landing would’ve been much softer than this year’s devaluation shock.
Olena Shcherbakova, head of the monetary policy department at NBU, thinks that the provision’s short, three-month extension is a sign of the central bank’s optimism about the country’s economic prospects. By contrast, the previous extension had a six-month term.
“Reducing the period of the measure’s validity can be explained with better market expectations in the context of resumed cooperation with international financial institutions,” said Shcherbakova in a statement published on the NBU website on May 19.
She mainly means the May 1 agreement with the International Monetary Fund to receive a $17 billion two-year loan with a 3 percent interest rate aimed at stabilizing Ukraine’s state budget.
However, the market should not be overly optimistic in its expectations, thinks Ilyashev and Partners’ Sydorenko. The current economic situation remains complicated and will likely compel the central bank on Aug. 20 to prolong the mandatory sale of export revenue in foreign currency for another term.
