Flight MH17 broke up in mid-air as a result of structural damage caused by "a large number of high-energy objects that penetrated the aircraft from outside" according to the Dutch investigators preliminary report. The black boxes were received intact but the flight recorders show a completely normal flight before impact.
Murder In The Sky: Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17
The Guardian: Dutch investigators say MH17 plane was punctured by ‘high-energy’ objects (LIVE UPDATES)

Photo shows Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 taking off from Schiphol Airport in Schiphol, the Netherlands, on July 17, 2014