In November 2016, the Atlantic Council published the first volume of The Kremlin’s Trojan Horses, detailing the extent of Russian-linked political networks in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. That report has since become a guide to those seeking to understand how the Kremlin cultivates political allies in Western European countries in order to undermine European consensus and sow divisions. In a new report, The Kremlin’s Trojan Horses 2.0, we trace the extent of Russian political penetration in Europe’s southern flank—Greece, Italy, and Spain.
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In a picture taken through a window Russian President Vladimir Putin (L) and Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras stand during the opening ceremony of the exhibition of late Russian painter of iconas Andrei Rublev held at the Byzantine and Christian Museum in Athens, on May 27, 2016.
