In Ukraine, the predominant feeling over the Nord Stream-2 deal between Germany and the U.S. is that of betrayal. Published on July 21, the deal gives a green light to the construction of the pipeline viewed as undermining Ukraine’s security and giving Russia a monopoly on Europe’s gas market. Offering Ukraine vague guarantees, it has been compared to the Budapest Memorandum, in which the post-Soviet country gave up the world’s third-largest nuclear arsenal in exchange for “security assurances” from Russia, the UK, and the U.S., which fell flat with Russia’s invasion in 2014.

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